See custos on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "custos regni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "custos rotulorum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "custōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin custōs",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin custōs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "custodes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "custodes"
},
"expansion": "custos (plural custodes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
95,
101
]
],
"ref": "c. 1530, John Rastell, The Pastyme of People: The Cronycles of Dyuers Realmys, London:",
"text": "[…] they were commytted to prison & put out of theyr offyces & the Constable of the Towre made custos of the citye.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"ref": "1803, Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, Letter 5, p. 148:",
"text": "Mr. Tharp, the Custos of the parish, and several other gentlement, accompanied the corps.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A warden."
],
"id": "en-custos-en-noun-Gr43ttje",
"links": [
[
"warden",
"warden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A warden."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Roman Catholicism",
"orig": "en:Roman Catholicism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order."
],
"id": "en-custos-en-noun-X6sdkeC8",
"links": [
[
"Roman Catholicism",
"Roman Catholicism"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Roman Catholicism) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order."
],
"topics": [
"Catholicism",
"Christianity",
"Roman-Catholicism"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kustos"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custode"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kustos"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custode"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custos"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kustosz"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custódio"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custodio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 38 17 7 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 39 23 4 1 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 36 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 23 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 30 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 36 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In older forms of musical notation, an indication, at the end of a line of music, of the first note of the next line."
],
"id": "en-custos-en-noun-3gjETpQt",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, historical) In older forms of musical notation, an indication, at the end of a line of music, of the first note of the next line."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌ.stɒs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌˌstɑs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌstoʊs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "custos"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "custōdēla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "custōdia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "custōdiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "subcustōs"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Late Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "custor"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "custos"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kustos"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kustos"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "custode"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "custode"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "custode"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unclear"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*huzdą",
"t": "hidden treasure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hoard"
},
"expansion": "English hoard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sed-",
"t": "to sit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "*(s)kewdʰ-",
"t": "to cover, wrap, encase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεύθω",
"3": "",
"4": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hȳdan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hide, conceal, preserve"
},
"expansion": "Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*huzdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*k(e)wsdʰo-",
"t": "palace, treasure house, treasure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύσθος",
"t": "vulva"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unclear ultimate origin. The mainstream etymology, proposed by Nowicki (1978), derives the word from a compound *kusto-sd- (“who sits near the hidden/near the treasure”), where the first element is cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) (also of uncertain etymology; see more at English hoard and below) and the second element is a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). However, this etymology is disputed, and De Vaan is skeptical of it, with further discussion in the below box.\nMore information\nOne proposal derives *kusto- and *huzdą from *kudʰ-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), whence Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”) and Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”). But the derivation of Latin /st/ and Proto-Germanic *zd from PIE *dʰ-t is controversial. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on aestās and aestus; according to this view, the /ss/ found in participle forms such as iussus and fossus was introduced by analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants. But De Vaan argues that it is better to analyze /ss/ as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t, and the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation. Thus, De Vaan considers the /st/ in custōs unexplained and the etymology unknown.\nOswald Szemerényi (1952/3 [1987]) alternatively derives the /st/ here and the *zd in Proto-Germanic *huzdą from PIE *sdʰ, tracing both back to a Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”). This etymology is accepted by Ringe (2006) who mentions Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”) as another cognate. However, Lubotsky (2004) finds this unconvincing and considers the regular outcome of *sdʰ in Latin to be a long vowel + /d/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "custōs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "custōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "custōs/custōd<3>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "custōs m or f (genitive custōdis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "custōs/custōd<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 14 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a guard, protector, watchman"
],
"id": "en-custos-la-noun-9aFeivTm",
"links": [
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"watchman",
"watchman"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "praesidium"
},
{
"word": "appāritor"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 14 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 34 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 34 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen",
"ref": "Pius V, Missale Romanum (1962)",
"text": "Virginum custōs et pater, sāncte Iōsēph, cuius fidēlī custōdiae, ipsa innocentia, Chrīstus Iēsūs, et virgō virginum, Marīa, commissa fuit; tē per hoc utrumque carissimum pignus Iēsum et Marīam obsecrō et obtestor, ut mē, ab omnī immunditiā praeservātum, mente incontaminātā, pūrō corde et castō corpore Iēsū et Marīae semper faciās castissimē famulārī. Āmēn.",
"translation": "Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a guardian, tutor"
],
"id": "en-custos-la-noun-25NIMP84",
"links": [
[
"guardian",
"guardian"
],
[
"tutor",
"tutor"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a jailer"
],
"id": "en-custos-la-noun-HrGy7U3J",
"links": [
[
"jailer",
"jailer"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 14 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 15 5 52",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "la:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.109–111",
"roman": "Hellespontiaci servet tutela Priapi.",
"text": "Invitent croceis [apes] halantes floribus horti\nEt custos furum atque avium cum falce saligna",
"translation": "May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a keeper, custodian"
],
"id": "en-custos-la-noun-ERkkqagR",
"links": [
[
"keeper",
"keeper"
],
[
"custodian",
"custodian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dēfēnsor"
},
{
"word": "vindex"
},
{
"word": "praeses"
},
{
"word": "appāritor"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkʊs.toːs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkus.tos]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "custos"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "custos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "custo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of custo"
],
"id": "en-custos-pt-noun-pdNr8JYU",
"links": [
[
"custo",
"custo#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "custos"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "custos"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin custos",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin custos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "custos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "custosul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "custos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "custosului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "custosule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "custos m (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "custosilor",
"gpi": "custosi",
"gsd": "custosului",
"gsi": "custos",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "custosii",
"npi": "custosi",
"nsd": "custosul",
"nsi": "custos",
"vp": "custosilor",
"vs": "custosule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"custodian"
],
"id": "en-custos-ro-noun-zkCoiC~R",
"links": [
[
"custodian",
"custodian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) custodian"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "custode"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "custos"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "custos regni"
},
{
"word": "custos rotulorum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "custōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin custōs",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin custōs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "custodes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "custodes"
},
"expansion": "custos (plural custodes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
95,
101
]
],
"ref": "c. 1530, John Rastell, The Pastyme of People: The Cronycles of Dyuers Realmys, London:",
"text": "[…] they were commytted to prison & put out of theyr offyces & the Constable of the Towre made custos of the citye.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"ref": "1803, Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, Letter 5, p. 148:",
"text": "Mr. Tharp, the Custos of the parish, and several other gentlement, accompanied the corps.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A warden."
],
"links": [
[
"warden",
"warden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A warden."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Roman Catholicism"
],
"glosses": [
"A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order."
],
"links": [
[
"Roman Catholicism",
"Roman Catholicism"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Roman Catholicism) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order."
],
"topics": [
"Catholicism",
"Christianity",
"Roman-Catholicism"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"In older forms of musical notation, an indication, at the end of a line of music, of the first note of the next line."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, historical) In older forms of musical notation, an indication, at the end of a line of music, of the first note of the next line."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌ.stɒs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌˌstɑs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌstoʊs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kustos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custode"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kustos"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custode"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custos"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kustosz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custódio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "superior of a custody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "custodio"
}
],
"word": "custos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with multiple genders",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Occupations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "custōdēla"
},
{
"word": "custōdia"
},
{
"word": "custōdiō"
},
{
"word": "subcustōs"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Late Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "custor"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "custos"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kustos"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kustos"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "custode"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "custode"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "custode"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unclear"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*huzdą",
"t": "hidden treasure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hoard"
},
"expansion": "English hoard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sed-",
"t": "to sit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "*(s)kewdʰ-",
"t": "to cover, wrap, encase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεύθω",
"3": "",
"4": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hȳdan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hide, conceal, preserve"
},
"expansion": "Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*huzdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*k(e)wsdʰo-",
"t": "palace, treasure house, treasure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύσθος",
"t": "vulva"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unclear ultimate origin. The mainstream etymology, proposed by Nowicki (1978), derives the word from a compound *kusto-sd- (“who sits near the hidden/near the treasure”), where the first element is cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) (also of uncertain etymology; see more at English hoard and below) and the second element is a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). However, this etymology is disputed, and De Vaan is skeptical of it, with further discussion in the below box.\nMore information\nOne proposal derives *kusto- and *huzdą from *kudʰ-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), whence Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”) and Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”). But the derivation of Latin /st/ and Proto-Germanic *zd from PIE *dʰ-t is controversial. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on aestās and aestus; according to this view, the /ss/ found in participle forms such as iussus and fossus was introduced by analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants. But De Vaan argues that it is better to analyze /ss/ as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t, and the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation. Thus, De Vaan considers the /st/ in custōs unexplained and the etymology unknown.\nOswald Szemerényi (1952/3 [1987]) alternatively derives the /st/ here and the *zd in Proto-Germanic *huzdą from PIE *sdʰ, tracing both back to a Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”). This etymology is accepted by Ringe (2006) who mentions Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”) as another cognate. However, Lubotsky (2004) finds this unconvincing and considers the regular outcome of *sdʰ in Latin to be a long vowel + /d/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "custōs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "custōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "custōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "custōdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "custōs/custōd<3>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "custōs m or f (genitive custōdis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "custōs/custōd<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a guard, protector, watchman"
],
"links": [
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"protector",
"protector"
],
[
"watchman",
"watchman"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "praesidium"
},
{
"word": "appāritor"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen",
"ref": "Pius V, Missale Romanum (1962)",
"text": "Virginum custōs et pater, sāncte Iōsēph, cuius fidēlī custōdiae, ipsa innocentia, Chrīstus Iēsūs, et virgō virginum, Marīa, commissa fuit; tē per hoc utrumque carissimum pignus Iēsum et Marīam obsecrō et obtestor, ut mē, ab omnī immunditiā praeservātum, mente incontaminātā, pūrō corde et castō corpore Iēsū et Marīae semper faciās castissimē famulārī. Āmēn.",
"translation": "Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a guardian, tutor"
],
"links": [
[
"guardian",
"guardian"
],
[
"tutor",
"tutor"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a jailer"
],
"links": [
[
"jailer",
"jailer"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.109–111",
"roman": "Hellespontiaci servet tutela Priapi.",
"text": "Invitent croceis [apes] halantes floribus horti\nEt custos furum atque avium cum falce saligna",
"translation": "May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a keeper, custodian"
],
"links": [
[
"keeper",
"keeper"
],
[
"custodian",
"custodian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dēfēnsor"
},
{
"word": "vindex"
},
{
"word": "praeses"
},
{
"word": "appāritor"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkʊs.toːs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkus.tos]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "custos"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "custos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "custo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of custo"
],
"links": [
[
"custo",
"custo#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "custos"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "custos"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin custos",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin custos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "custos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "custosul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "custos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "custosului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "custosule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "custos m (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "custosilor",
"gpi": "custosi",
"gsd": "custosului",
"gsi": "custos",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "custosii",
"npi": "custosi",
"nsd": "custosul",
"nsi": "custos",
"vp": "custosilor",
"vs": "custosule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms with rare senses",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"custodian"
],
"links": [
[
"custodian",
"custodian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) custodian"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "custode"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "custos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for custos meaning in All languages combined (15.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (cdfa371 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.